Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) Description
Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S) consists of zirconium and alumina and is installed
both upstream and downstream of the Catalytic Converter. It varies in accordance
with the air/fuel ratio.
Th ...
PTC Heater Description
The PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater is installed at the
exit or the backside of the heater core.
The PTC heater is an electric heater using a PTC element as an auxiliary
hea ...
OBD-II review
1. Overview
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) began regulation of On Board
Diagnostics (OBD) for vehicles sold in California beginning with the 1988 model
year. The first phase, O ...